乌龙潭
WULONG TAN
水潭。在南京城西部。三国时为运渎汇潮沟处，名清水大塘，因多植莲花，又名芙蓉池。晋时，传曾有乌龙出没，故名乌龙潭。唐代大书法家颜真卿领昇州，在此建放生池，清代建“放生庵”，以祀颜（真卿）鲁公。南唐时，潭因临皇家避暑胜地清凉山，帝后妃嫔游潭赏景放生，潭又添新景，幽美雅致，明清时，文人慕名来此筑园建府，如金太守园、招隐草堂、栖贤庵、隐仙庵、魏源故居“小卷阿”、薛桑根“薛庐”、陶澍祠、沈葆桢祠、方苞“毅忠祠”等众多祠庙建筑聚一处，更显肃穆与神圣。上世纪80年代始辟为“乌龙潭公园”，广7公顷，建有妙香阁、宛在亭、龙游亭、肥月厅等数座古典建筑，以及《红楼梦》作者曹雪芹纪念馆及其塑像和历史名人文化墙，以供游观。
Wulong Tan
Wulong Tan (Black Dragons Pool) is located in the west of Nanjing. During the Three Kingdoms Period, when it was known as Qingshui Datang ("big pond with limpid water"), it was the place where a canal converged with a tidal creek. It was also known as Furong Chi (Lotus Pond) because of the abundance of lotuses in it. The name Wulong Tan can be traced back to the Jin Dynasty, when it was said that the pond was the haunt of black dragons. It was used as a fangshengchi (a pond where Buddhists could set captive fish free as a virtuous act) by Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, when he served as the governor of Shengzhou (present-dayNanjing). During the Qing Dynasty, a temple was built by the pond in memory of Governor Yan. During the Southern Tang Dynasty, thanks to its proximity to Qingliang Shan (Cool Hill), an imperial summer resort, it was frequented by the empress and imperial concubines coming here to enjoy the scenery and free captive fish. As a result, new attractions were added to it, making it a place of secluded beauty.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the fame of Wulong Tan attracted many men of letters, who came here and built gardens and houses around it, such as Prefect Jin's Garden, Zhaoyin Caotang (Hermit-attracting Thatched Hut), Qixian An (Temple of Sages), Yinxian An (Temple of Reclusive Immortals), Xiaojuan'e (the former residence of Wei Yuan), Xue Cottage (the former residence of Xue Sanggen), the Temple of Tao Shu, the Temple of Shen Baozhen, and Yizhong (Fortitude and Loyalty) Temple dedicated to Fang Bao. Those shrines added a sacred and solemn atmosphere to Wulong Tan.
In the 1980s, Wulong Tan was developed into a park with an area of seven hectares. Several classical-style buildings were erected, such as Miaoxiang Ge (Pavilion of Wonderful Scent), Wanzai Ting (Pavilion of Remembered Presence), Longyou Ting (Pavilion of the Dragon's Wander), and Feiyue Ting (Hall of Full Moon). Apart from these, the park also features a memorial to Cao Xueqin (the author of Dream of the Red Chamber), a statue of the great novelist, and a "cultural wall" lined with sculptures of historical figures.
清凉山
QINGLIANG SHAN
山。在南京城西部，秦淮河东畔。古称石头山。南唐时山中建避暑宫，后改清凉寺，辟为清凉道场，清凉山或以此得名；另一说北宋间，因移建幕府山的清凉广惠寺于此，因名。三国孙权定都于此，在清凉山北一带筑石头城，遂又别称“石城山”。清凉山原处长江边，地势险要，为军事要塞，战国时楚在此建金陵邑，六朝以来皆守此为固，唐代始长江西迁，雄险形势顿失。清凉山东北坡传为诸葛武侯当年驻马眺览金陵形胜的驻马坡；西麓崖壁上有一酷似面目狰狞“鬼脸”的石壁，俗称“鬼脸城”，现建有石头城公园和国防园；南麓有始建于杨吴，初名“兴教寺”的清凉寺。自孙吴以来，此山名胜古迹可稽者数十处。1930年将东南麓辟为公园，今入园可见扫叶楼、清凉寺、还阳井、崇正书院、驻马坡等古迹。“清凉问佛”入选清“金陵四十八景”，“清凉扫叶”入选 “新金陵四十景”，“名城清凉”入选“新金陵四十八景”。
Qingliang Shan
Qingling Shan (Cool Hill) is located in the west ofNanjing, east of theQinhuaiRiver. In ancient times it was called Shitou Shan (Stone Hill). During the Southern Tang Dynasty, a summer palace was built on the hill. Later it was turned into a temple calledQingliangTemplefor the performance of Buddhist rites, which could be the origin of the name Qingliang Shan. Another version goes that the name derived fromQingliangGuanghuiTemple, which was relocated here from Mufu Hill during the Northern Song Dynasty.
During the Three Kingdoms Period, Sun Quan madeNanjingthe capital of hisKingdomofWuand built a stone city wall in the vicinity of the hill, for which it was also known as Shicheng Shan (Stone Wall Hill).
The hill used to be a military fortress because of its proximity to theYangtze River. It became the center ofJinlingCityfounded by the state ofChuduring the Warring States Period, and had served as a military stronghold since the Six Dynasties. However, during the Tang Dynasty, it lost its military importance as theYangtze Riverbegan to move further west.
The northeast side of Qingliang Shan is said to have been the place where Zhuge Liang contemplated the topographical advantages of Jinling from the back of his horse. In the western side of the hill, whereStoneCityParkandNationalDefenseParkare located, there is a grotesque cliffside rock known as the "demon face wall". In the southern side there isQingliangTemple(originally namedXingjiaoTemple), which dates from the Yangwu Period. Since the Sunwu Period, the hill has acquired dozens of sties of historic interest.
In 1930, the southeastern side of the hill was developed into a park, which nowadays still features a number of historic sites such as Saoye Lou (Sweeping Leaves Tower), Qingliang Temple, Huanyang Jing (Revival Well), Chongzhen Shuyuan (Orthodoxy Academy), and Zhuma Po (Reining Horse Slope).
During the Qing Dynasty, "visiting the Buddhist temple at Qingliang" was listed among the Forty-eight Sights of Jinling. Nowadays, "sweeping leaves at Qingliang" is listed among the New Forty Sights of Jinling and "the stone city wall at Qingliang", among the New Forty-eight Sights of Jinling.
四牌楼
SIPAI LOU
古遗址。在今大纱帽巷中段南侧，通贤桥正北方。明朝时此处为国子监南大门，门前建有两两相对的四座牌楼，故名四牌楼，今已废。牌楼为木质结构建筑物，上刻“国子监”三字。明初的国子监，彰显朱元璋“治国以教化为先，教化以学校为本”的崇文重教理念，是明朝廷官办的一座最高学府，亦是当时世界上最大的高等学府之一，人数多达近万人。清顺治八年，南京国子监改为江宁府学。由国子监衍生的四牌楼（路）、成贤街、成贤里、成贤村、通贤桥等地名群，突显了南京城的文化品位。
Sipailou
Sipailou (Four Memorial Arches) is a historic site located south of the middle section of Dashamao Alley, due north ofTongxianBridge. During the Ming Dynasty, there were four memorial arches (pailou) standing here in front of the southern gate of theImperialCollege. Those arches were made of wood and engraved with the three Chinese characters--guo zi jian--for "the imperial college".
During the early Ming Dynasty, theImperialCollegeoperated under Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang's instructions on giving priority to schools in education, and to education in governance, as the highest government-run seat of learning and one of the largest institutions of higher learning in the world. The number of students amounted to almost 10,000. It existed until the eighth year of Shunzhi during the Qing Dynasty, when it was changed intoNankingAcademy(Jiangning Fuxue).
From the Imperial College were derived a group of place names such as Sipailou (Road), Chengxian (Becoming Sage) Street, Chengxian Neighborhood, Chengxian Village and Tongxian (Sensible Sage) Bridge, which highlight the cultural tradition of Nanjing.
碑亭巷
BEITING XIANG
街巷。北起珠江路，南止中山东路，长约九百米，为太平天国天朝宫殿和清江宁织造府的西界。在明清更替之际，以豫亲王多铎为首的一些清军将领，改变以往肆意屠城做法，攻克江宁（今南京）后，秋毫无犯，赢得人们尊敬，城人立碑于巷，以颂功德，用亭覆之，此巷故名碑亭巷。近年，在巷东侧发掘假山石等文物，不少红学家认为，《红楼梦》里的“大观园”场景，即以江宁织造府为原型。此巷曾是南京贯通南北的主要道路，因与两江总督府、国民政府邻近，地位尤显重要。一枝园、如意里、杨将军巷、石婆婆庵、长江路等街巷与其相通。巷内曾有“八月梅花草堂”胜迹和南京卷烟厂旧址。今在此巷建有“江宁织造博物馆”，再现了昔日辉煌。
Beiting Xiang
Beiting Xiang (Stele Pavilion Alley) is a 900-meter-long street betweenZhujiang Roadin the north andEast Zhongshan Roadin the south. It used to be the western border of the royalpalaceofTaiping HeavenlyKingdom and, earlier on, theMansionofJiangning Zhizao(Superintendent of Imperial Silk Manufacture inNanjing). During the turn from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the Qing generals headed by Duoduo (Prince Yu) who conquered Jiangning (present-dayNanjing) forbade their soldiers to plunder or do any harm to the citizens, as opposed to the previous practice of wanton slaughtering. This act won such respect from the citizens that they erected a stele in memory of those merciful generals in the alley and built a pavilion over it, hence the name Stele Pavilion Alley.
In recent years, archaeological excavation has revealed rockery stones and other artifacts on the eastern side of the alley. These could be what remains of the mansion of Jiangning Zhizao, which is believed to be the prototype of Grand Prospect Garden in Dream of the Red Chamber by many redologists (scholars doing research into Dream of the Red Chamber).
The alley used to be one of the main roads running acrossNanjingfrom north to south. Its importance was highlighted by its proximity to the mansion of the Viceroy of Liangjiang and, later, to the headquarters of the Nationalist Government. It is connected to a number of streets and alleys, such as Yizhiyuan, Ruyili, General Yang Alley, Shipopo'an, andChangjiang Road.
The alley used to be the location of Bayue Meihua Caotang (the Thatched Cottage of Plum Blossoms in the Eighth Lunar Month) and the former premises of Nanjing Cigarette Factory. Today it is home toJiangningZhizaoMuseum, which revives the glory of theMansionofJiangning Zhizao.
地 名 协 会
2013-11-7
The Place Names Association
November 7, 2013
【发布时间】2013-12-10 【信息来源】管理员 【浏览点击】2873次
